Wednesday, November 30, 2011

Iranian protesters seize 6 British embassy staff (Reuters)

TEHRAN (Reuters) ? Iranian protesters briefly took six British embassy staff hostage on Tuesday when they stormed two diplomatic compounds in Tehran, smashing windows, hurling petrol bombs and burning the British flag in a protest against sanctions imposed by Britain.

Britain said it was outraged by the attacks on its embassy compounds, but had no immediate comment on the seizure of its staff who, Iran's semi-official Fars news agency said, were freed by police from a leafy residential complex in north Tehran.

The attacks come at a time of rising diplomatic tension between Iran and Western nations who last week imposed fresh sanctions over Tehran's nuclear program which they believe is aimed at achieving the capability of making an atomic bomb.

Iran, the world's fifth biggest oil exporter, says it only wants nuclear plants to generate electricity.

The embassy storming is also a clear sign of deepening political infighting within Iran's ruling hardline elites with the conservative-led parliament attempting to force the hand of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and expel the British ambassador.

Several dozen protesters broke away from a crowd of a few hundred outside the main embassy compound in downtown Tehran, scaled the gates, broke the locks and went inside.

Protesters pulled down the British flag, burned it, and put up the Iranian flag, Iranian news agencies and news pictures showed. Inside, the demonstrators threw stones and petrol bombs. One waved a framed picture of Queen Elizabeth, state TV showed.

Others carried the royal crest out through the embassy gate as police stood by, pictures carried by the Fars news agency showed. Demonstrators waved flags symbolizing martyrdom and held portraits of Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.

Another group of protesters broke into a second British Embassy compound at Qolhak in north Tehran, the IRNA state news agency said. Once the embassy's summer quarters, the sprawling, tree-lined compound is now used to house diplomatic staff.

Six embassy staff were taken hostage there, but were later freed by police, Fars news agency reported.

"Police freed the six people working for the British embassy in Qolhak garden," Fars said.

A German school next to the Qolhak compound was also damaged, the German government said.

Police appeared to have cleared the demonstrators in front of the main downtown embassy compound, but later clashed with hardline protesters and fired tear gas to attempt to disperse them, Fars said.

Protesters nevertheless again entered the compound, Fars said.

The British Foreign Office said it was outraged.

"There has been an incursion by a significant number of demonstrators into our Embassy premises, including vandalism to our property," the Foreign Office said in a statement. "This is a fluid situation and details are still emerging. We are outraged by this. It is utterly unacceptable and we condemn it."

Britain said the Iranian government had a duty under international law to protect diplomats and urged Iranian authorities to act with "utmost urgency" to bring the situation under control.

IRAN PARLIAMENT WANTS UK AMBASSADOR OUT

There have been regular protests outside the British embassy over the years since the 1979 Islamic revolution that toppled the U.S.-backed shah, but never have any been so violent.

The attacks and hostage-taking was reminiscent of the 1979 takeover of the U.S. embassy in Tehran carried out by radical students who held 52 Americans hostage for 444 days. The United States and Iran have cut diplomatic ties ever since.

An Iranian official told Reuters the storming of two British compounds on Tuesday was not planned by the government.

"It was not an organized measure. The establishment had no role in it. It was not planned," said the official, who declined to be identified. Iran's Foreign Ministry said it regretted the attacks and was committed to ensuring the safety of diplomats.

The attacks followed the rapid approval by Iran's Guardian Council of a parliamentary bill compelling the government to expel the British ambassador in retaliation for the sanctions. A lawmaker had also warned on Sunday that angry Iranians could storm the British embassy as they did the U.S. mission in 1979.

Ahmadinejad's government, often at odds with conservatives who control the parliament, has five days to expel Britain's ambassador, the speaker of parliament said.

"Parliament officially notified the president over a bill regarding degrading the ties with Britain, obliging the government to implement it within five days," Fars news agency quoted speaker Ali Larijani as saying.

"Radicals in Iran and in the West are always in favor of crisis ... Such radical hardliners in Iran will use the crisis to unite people and also to blame the crisis for the fading economy," said political analyst Hasan Sedghi.

The incident followed Britain's imposition of new sanctions on the Islamic state last week over its nuclear program.

London banned all British financial institutions from doing business with their Iranian counterparts, including the Central Bank of Iran, as part of a new wave of sanctions by Western countries.

In London, Foreign Secretary William Hague said Britain expected other countries to follow its lead in imposing financial sanctions on Iran and will take "robust" action if Tehran reduces their diplomatic relations.

Hague was speaking in a parliamentary debate just as news broke of the incident in Tehran and he made no comment on it.

(Additional reporting by Hossein Jaseb and Hashem Kalantari in Tehran, Parisa Hafezi in Istanbul, and William Maclean and Adrian Croft in London; Writing by Jon Hemming; Editing by Janet Lawrence)

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/europe/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20111129/wl_nm/us_iran_britain_embassy

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Samsung scores Australia win vs Apple in patent battle (Reuters)

SYDNEY (Reuters) ? An Australian court on Wednesday reversed a ban on the sale of Samsung Electronics Co Ltd's Galaxy tablet computers in the country, handing it a rare victory against rival Apple Inc in the firms' intensifying global patent war.

Samsung welcomed the decision, but the ruling does not mean it can immediately resume sales because the court granted Apple a stay on lifting the Australian sales ban until Friday afternoon.

"It's hard to expect the ruling to have a major positive impact on Samsung's tablet business or legal cases in other countries as Apple could appeal against the ruling and sales won't be restored anytime soon," said Song Myung-sub, an analyst at HI Investment & Securities in Seoul.

"Apple will continue to dominate the tablet market as Amazon appears to be the only viable real threat at the moment and other vendors including Samsung continue to struggle."

Lawyers for Apple declined to comment to reporters after the ruling, but the request for a stay on lifting the temporary sales ban could give time for an appeal to be launched.

Still, the Federal Court's decision to support Samsung's appeal is a boost for the South Korean technology company ahead of the busy pre-Christmas shopping season. While the Australian market is not large, it is a key launch market for Apple products outside the United States.

Apple was granted an injunction against Samsung in October, temporarily preventing Australian sales of the Galaxy 10.1 tab, the hottest competitor to Apple's iPad, which dominates global tablet sales.

"We believe the ruling clearly affirms that Apple's legal claims lack merit," Samsung Electronics Australia said in a statement. The company said it would soon make an announcement on the market availability of the Galaxy Tab 10.1 in Australia.

Justice Lindsay Foster told the court the interlocutory injunction granted by Justice Annabelle Bennett last month should be immediately discharged. But he also said he would grant a stay on orders until Friday 4 p.m. (0500 GMT) and said Apple would have to go to the High Court if it wanted this extended.

BATTLE IN 10 COUNTRIES

Apple and Samsung have been locked in an acrimonious battle in 10 countries involving smartphones and tablets since April, with the Australian dispute centring on touch-screen technology used in Samsung's new tablet.

Apple successfully moved to block Samsung from selling its tablets in Germany and a case in the Netherlands has forced Samsung to modify some smartphone models.

Apple also filed a preliminary injunction request in Germany on Monday to ban sales of Samsung's Galaxy Tab 10.1N, a redesigned version of 10.1-inch galaxy tab model, whose sales are banned in the country.

The quarrel between Samsung and Apple had triggered expectations some of the pair's $5 billion-plus relationship may be up for grabs. Samsung counts Apple as its biggest customer and makes parts central to Apple's mobile devices.

The legal battle in Australia doesn't stop at tablet computers. Samsung has sought to block sales of Apple's latest iPhone 4S, which went on sale in early October, by filing preliminary sales injunction requests in four countries, including Australia.

An Australian court has agreed to hear that case in March and April of 2012, with sales allowed to continue as normal ahead of the hearing on alleged patent infringements.

Shares in Samsung, valued at around $140 billion, were up 0.1 percent in a Seoul market down 0.8 percent.

(Additional reporting by Miyoung Kim in Seoul; Editing by Lincoln Feast, Ed Davies and Matt Driskill)

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/applecomputer/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20111130/tc_nm/us_apple_samsung_australia

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UK fashion council honors Sarah Burton (AP)

LONDON ? The British Fashion Council on Monday honored Sarah Burton for Alexander McQueen as Designer of the Year for 2011.

The council said Burton ? who earlier this year drew praise for designing Kate Middleton's much-heralded wedding dress ? has "allowed McQueen's legacy to live on while still giving her own twist of creative genius to a collection that has outshone its rivals on and off the catwalk."

The glitzy, star-studded gathering on Monday also honored Paul Smith with the Outstanding Achievement in Fashion award to recognize the designer's impact on the industry.

The council called Smith "inspirational" and a "true icon" for all he brings to fashion.

Celebrity favorite Stella McCartney picked up the Red Carpet award in recognition of the "quantity and quality of her designs worn on the red carpet," while Victoria Beckham nabbed the Designer Brand award for her label's focused growth strategy and loyal followers across the globe.

A-listers including model Kate Moss and actor Colin Firth joined fashion icons including Marc Jacobs for the event held at London's Savoy Hotel.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/europe/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111128/ap_on_re_eu/eu_britain_fashion_awards

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Tuesday, November 29, 2011

Adobe Premiere Elements 10


The tenth version on the tenth anniversary of Adobe's market-leading video-editing software brings full 64-bit support, key to powerful video editing, considering the file size of modern video content. It also makes some delightful effects far simpler to create.? Color correction and enhancement tools have gotten simpler and more powerful. The good folks at Adobe have also added the ability to directly upload to Facebook and YouTube. And new support for the popular AVCHD format means you can burn DVDs with Blu-ray quality HD. But is all this enough to bring Premiere Elements back into the lead among consumer video editors?

In short, no. Though performance gets a boost over the last version, the program still isn't as quick at rendering and previewing digital movies as CyberLink PowerDirector 9 ($99.95, 4.5 stars). Premiere Elements' still has a well-designed interface. And its organizational skills are excellent, beating the competition with its automatic video tagging, including automatic people-tagging.

Setup
New for version 10 is a 64-bit Windows version. The setup isn't a quick hit of the install button. The 1.5GB installer still requires a reboot, and if you want the full set of content like menus, themes, and templates, you'll have to install it from a second DVD. It's a lot of content?three standard-definition sets and three HD. Nero's Video Premium HD manages to get all the content loaded in one bout of installation, but it does require a reboot and takes a lot longer. I tested Premiere Elements 10 on a 3.4GHz AMD Phenom quad-core desktop with 4GB RAM, running 64-bit Windows 7. The graphics adapter was an ATI Radeon HD 4290 with the latest driver installed.

The Organizer
Whenever you start Premiere Elements, you'll first see its Welcome screen, from which you can open or start a new project, or open the same Organizer app you get with Photoshop Elements 10. As we've complained in the past, this window is more of a roadblock to get to the editor than in any other consumer video editor. Sony Vegas Movie Studio, for example, just shows a small welcome box to let you start or open a project, but its main editor window is already loaded.

The first time I ran the Organizer, it offered to import all my pictures and videos residing on the PC. Unlike Picasa, it doesn't just scan your disks?you tell it which folders to check. Still, you can set folders to "watch" which will cause Elements to automatically import anything new. It will, however, by default check all subfolders of the folder you choose. The separate Organizer app seems more skewed to photos than videos. Some options that might seem to apply to video as well as photos don?t. For example, "Auto Color" simply pops up a message saying you can only use it with photos.

You can access how-to videos from the Organizer, but some help video content is reserved exclusively for Plus members, even though some of the tips are pretty basic (like when to use the Timeline versus Sceneline view). I wish it were easier to view just videos and to view all files on the PC without having to select a folder. Fortunately, once I got out of the Organizer and into the video editor proper, buttons let me do this. I could preview clips in the Organizer, but some only after downloading a separate driver (QuickTime).

Importing
When I clicked the Import Media button, an Advanced window displayed thumbnails of the videos in the source I chose, whether a folder or media card. This dialog also let me apply metadata such as tags and copyright info, as well as auto-correction of red eyes and stacking similar images. As with most software that does media importing, you can specify deleting the media from the camera after import, but I'm not a fan of using that till I know I've got the videos and photos safely on my PC. For one MP4 HD video I imported, Premiere Elements would never show me a thumbnail in its source tray, even though other apps and even Windows itself had no trouble showing it.

During import, Premiere Elements can analyze and tag your content, associating Smart Tags to it, indicating characteristics like blurry or in focus, bright or dark, and perhaps most impressively, whether the clip contains people. Face detection provides a helpful and automated way to find clips later using the tag filter dropdown. This isn't equaled in other apps like PowerDirector or Pinnacle Studio, though iMovie has a similar feature.

Surprisingly, most other video editors (Pinnacle, PowerDirector, Vegas Movie Studio) don't offer any video tagging, the way most photo editing software lets you tag images for organization and selection later during clip selection. But the automatic people tagging is even more impressive than it sounds?you can later limit your clip tray to just those with One Face, Two Faces, Small Group, Large Group, Close-up, or Long Shot?all without manually entering a single tag. It's not at the point of face recognition that some photo software does, but it's a start.

Video Editor Interface
Its polished interface is one area in which Premiere Elements shines, beating out most of the competition in general usability and clarity. Once you get to the actual video editing interface by choosing "Edit with Premiere Elements," you'll see your imported clips' thumbnails in the right media tray where you can click a star rating under each, or double click to do some trimming in the previewer. Tabs at the top for Project, Edit, Disc Menus, and Share modes make for a well-designed and clear video project workflow. These mode choices outshine what you get in Sony Vegas Movie Studio, but are equaled in PowerDirector.

Buttons here make it simple to view only video or photo thumbnails and to sort by length or name. Right clicking on the source thumbnail offers choices to remove tags?either auto or your own?or create an InstantMovie. You actually start creating a non-Instant movie by dragging clips into either the timeline or scene view.

Instant Movies
The Create Instant Movie checkbox is perfect for those who want instant creativity. When I chose this, after importing I was presented with a choice of themes, from birthday party to sports to newsreel to "Performance Star," but several of them more suited to still image slideshows. Some themes involve yet another download and install process , though. Nero Vision Xtra?part of the company's Video Premium HD, goes further than both, with 40 included themes and a whole site for community-built themes. But other options like Sony Vegas Movie Studio offer no instant movie feature at all. I do like that you can preview Premiere's themes?both their sound and visuals.

The instant movies turned out some engaging results, with relevant intros, transitions, and added objects like footballs and soccer balls for the new Fun in the Sun theme. CyberLink and Nero offer tons of community-generated themes, so you're more likely to find, say, a specific rugby theme rather than just a general sports theme.

A new option in Premiere Elements 10 is the automated Pan and Zoom tool. This automatically finds faces in photos and creates a movie based on these. You can choose how long you want the frame on each face. But this only works with one photo at a time. My results were less than brilliant. I was impressed that the software could identify the back of a head as a human, but missed one of the front-facing faces.

Basic Editing
Clip entry, trimming, and splitting are a snap in Premiere Elements. The bracket that appears in the timeline when you place the cursor at a spot in a component clip make for an easy way to trim and split clips, but a double click opens precision trimmer in a separate small window for more accuracy. Disappointingly, this tool didn't let me set multiple in and out points, the way PowerDirector does. Premiere Elements' timeline view is less quick to respond to zooming and other navigation than PowerDirector and Pinnacle Studio, but its Sceneline view is more useful, with transition drop targets between your clips. The timeline responsiveness is a big win for PowerDirector, though. All three apps let you step through a clip frame by frame using timecodes, or enter a specific timecode to jump to.

Adobe Premiere Elements can do all the basics?lighting, rotation, cropping, clipping. It also offers auto contrast, auto levels. A quibble is that it would be nice if you could double-click on the effect thumbnail to apply it, rather than having to click the Apply button. After applying, most effects offer further control from the Edit Effects button. In all, there are over 80 effects you can apply, in groups like distort, stylize, and transform. A right-click offers time stretching, which lets you speed up or slow down a clip to fit your time budget, or just for effect.

Transition options are plentiful, and, as with effects, I like how you can choose a type from a dropdown like 3D motion, dissolve, iris, or page peel. And a search box lets you enter the name of the one you're looking for. CyberLink PowerDirector doesn't have the search, which makes it harder to find the transition you want.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ziffdavis/pcmag/~3/4aAHoFsVwBI/0,2817,2372120,00.asp

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Study shows medical marijuana laws reduce traffic deaths

Study shows medical marijuana laws reduce traffic deaths [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 29-Nov-2011
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: David Kelly
david.kelly@ucdenver.edu
303-315-6374
University of Colorado Denver

Leads to lower consumption of alcohol

DENVER (Nov. 29, 2011) A groundbreaking new study shows that laws legalizing medical marijuana have resulted in a nearly nine percent drop in traffic deaths and a five percent reduction in beer sales.

"Our research suggests that the legalization of medical marijuana reduces traffic fatalities through reducing alcohol consumption by young adults," said Daniel Rees, professor of economics at the University of Colorado Denver who co-authored the study with D. Mark Anderson, assistant professor of economics at Montana State University.

The researchers collected data from a variety of sources including the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, and the Fatality Analysis Reporting System.

The study is the first to examine the relationship between the legalization of medical marijuana and traffic deaths.

"We were astounded by how little is known about the effects of legalizing medical marijuana," Rees said. "We looked into traffic fatalities because there is good data, and the data allow us to test whether alcohol was a factor."

Anderson noted that traffic deaths are significant from a policy standpoint.

"Traffic fatalities are an important outcome from a policy perspective because they represent the leading cause of death among Americans ages five to 34," he said.

The economists analyzed traffic fatalities nationwide, including the 13 states that legalized medical marijuana between 1990 and 2009. In those states, they found evidence that alcohol consumption by 20- through 29-year-olds went down, resulting in fewer deaths on the road.

The economists noted that simulator studies conducted by previous researchers suggest that drivers under the influence of alcohol tend to underestimate how badly their skills are impaired. They drive faster and take more risks. In contrast, these studies show that drivers under the influence of marijuana tend to avoid risks. However, Rees and Anderson cautioned that legalization of medical marijuana may result in fewer traffic deaths because it's typically used in private, while alcohol is often consumed at bars and restaurants.

"I think this is a very timely study given all the medical marijuana laws being passed or under consideration," Anderson said. "These policies have not been research-based thus far and our research shows some of the social effects of these laws. Our results suggest a direct link between marijuana and alcohol consumption."

The study also examined marijuana use in three states that legalized medical marijuana in the mid-2000s, Montana, Rhode Island, and Vermont. Marijuana use by adults increased after legalization in Montana and Rhode Island, but not in Vermont. There was no evidence that marijuana use by minors increased.

Opponents of medical marijuana believe that legalization leads to increased use of marijuana by minors.

According to Rees and Anderson, the majority of registered medical marijuana patients in Arizona and Colorado are male. In Arizona, 75 percent of registered patients are male; in Colorado, 68 percent are male. Many are under the age of 40. For instance, 48 percent of registered patients in Montana are under 40.

"Although we make no policy recommendations, it certainly appears as though medical marijuana laws are making our highways safer," Rees said.

###

The study is entitled, "Medical Marijuana Laws, Traffic Fatalities, and Alcohol Consumption." It can be found at: http://www.iza.org/en/webcontent/personnel/photos/index_html?key=4915

The University of Colorado Denver offers more than 120 degrees and programs in 13 schools and colleges and serves more than 28,000 students. CU Denver is located on the Denver Campus and the Anschutz Medical Campus in Aurora, Colo.


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Study shows medical marijuana laws reduce traffic deaths [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 29-Nov-2011
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: David Kelly
david.kelly@ucdenver.edu
303-315-6374
University of Colorado Denver

Leads to lower consumption of alcohol

DENVER (Nov. 29, 2011) A groundbreaking new study shows that laws legalizing medical marijuana have resulted in a nearly nine percent drop in traffic deaths and a five percent reduction in beer sales.

"Our research suggests that the legalization of medical marijuana reduces traffic fatalities through reducing alcohol consumption by young adults," said Daniel Rees, professor of economics at the University of Colorado Denver who co-authored the study with D. Mark Anderson, assistant professor of economics at Montana State University.

The researchers collected data from a variety of sources including the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, and the Fatality Analysis Reporting System.

The study is the first to examine the relationship between the legalization of medical marijuana and traffic deaths.

"We were astounded by how little is known about the effects of legalizing medical marijuana," Rees said. "We looked into traffic fatalities because there is good data, and the data allow us to test whether alcohol was a factor."

Anderson noted that traffic deaths are significant from a policy standpoint.

"Traffic fatalities are an important outcome from a policy perspective because they represent the leading cause of death among Americans ages five to 34," he said.

The economists analyzed traffic fatalities nationwide, including the 13 states that legalized medical marijuana between 1990 and 2009. In those states, they found evidence that alcohol consumption by 20- through 29-year-olds went down, resulting in fewer deaths on the road.

The economists noted that simulator studies conducted by previous researchers suggest that drivers under the influence of alcohol tend to underestimate how badly their skills are impaired. They drive faster and take more risks. In contrast, these studies show that drivers under the influence of marijuana tend to avoid risks. However, Rees and Anderson cautioned that legalization of medical marijuana may result in fewer traffic deaths because it's typically used in private, while alcohol is often consumed at bars and restaurants.

"I think this is a very timely study given all the medical marijuana laws being passed or under consideration," Anderson said. "These policies have not been research-based thus far and our research shows some of the social effects of these laws. Our results suggest a direct link between marijuana and alcohol consumption."

The study also examined marijuana use in three states that legalized medical marijuana in the mid-2000s, Montana, Rhode Island, and Vermont. Marijuana use by adults increased after legalization in Montana and Rhode Island, but not in Vermont. There was no evidence that marijuana use by minors increased.

Opponents of medical marijuana believe that legalization leads to increased use of marijuana by minors.

According to Rees and Anderson, the majority of registered medical marijuana patients in Arizona and Colorado are male. In Arizona, 75 percent of registered patients are male; in Colorado, 68 percent are male. Many are under the age of 40. For instance, 48 percent of registered patients in Montana are under 40.

"Although we make no policy recommendations, it certainly appears as though medical marijuana laws are making our highways safer," Rees said.

###

The study is entitled, "Medical Marijuana Laws, Traffic Fatalities, and Alcohol Consumption." It can be found at: http://www.iza.org/en/webcontent/personnel/photos/index_html?key=4915

The University of Colorado Denver offers more than 120 degrees and programs in 13 schools and colleges and serves more than 28,000 students. CU Denver is located on the Denver Campus and the Anschutz Medical Campus in Aurora, Colo.


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-11/uocd-ssm112911.php

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Monday, November 28, 2011

Facebook apologizes for Merck mix-up

Facebook said on Monday that it made a mistake in letting Merck & Co take over a page on the social networking website from its German rival Merck KGaA.

The takeover had prompted an unusual Nov. 21 filing by Merck KGaA with a New York state court.

In it, Merck KGaA sought to force Facebook to explain how it lost the page, and the ability to administer it to Merck & Co, a separate company.

Facebook plans to remove the page until both Mercks agree which company may use it.

"The transfer of the vanity URL Facebook.com/Merck from Merck KGaA to Merck & Co was due to an administrative error," Facebook said in a statement, referring to the website address. "We apologize for any inconvenience this may have caused."

Merck & Co spokesman Ronald Rogers said: "We are going to continue to have a Facebook page. It is an active webpage. We are continuing to look into the matter of the vanity URL."

Merck KGaA did not immediately respond to an emailed request for comment after business hours in Germany.

According to court papers, Merck KGaA had contracted with Facebook in March 2010 for exclusive use of the page, but discovered last month that Merck & Co was using it.

Merck KGaA said the loss of the page deprived it of an "important marketing device." Merck & Co was not a defendant.

According to Merck KGaA, the Mercks became separate companies under the Treaty of Versailles. Each retained rights to the Merck trademark in different geographic areas, as part of Germany's reparations following World War I.

Merck & Co is based in Whitehouse Station, New Jersey; Merck KGaA in Darmstadt, Germany; and Facebook in Palo Alto, California.

The case is Merck KGaA v. Facebook Inc, New York State Supreme Court, New York County, No. 113215/2011.

Copyright 2011 Thomson Reuters. Click for restrictions.

Source: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/45467670/ns/technology_and_science-tech_and_gadgets/

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AP IMPACT: More kids skip school shots in 8 states (AP)

ATLANTA ? More parents are opting out of school shots for their kids. In eight states now, more than 1 in 20 public school kindergartners aren't getting all the vaccines required for attendance, an Associated Press analysis found.

That growing trend among parents seeking vaccine exemptions has health officials worried about outbreaks of diseases that once were all but stamped out.

The AP analysis found more than half of states have seen at least a slight rise in the rate of exemptions over the past five years. States with the highest exemption rates are in the West and Upper Midwest.

It's "really gotten much worse," said Mary Selecky, secretary of health for Washington state, where 6 percent of public school parents have opted out.

Rules for exemptions vary by state and can include medical, religious or ? in some states ? philosophical reasons.

Reasons for skipping some school shots vary. Some parents are skeptical that vaccines are essential. Others fear vaccines carry their own risks. Some find it easier to check a box opting out than the effort to get the shots and required paperwork schools demand. Still others are ambivalent, believing in older vaccines but questioning newer shots against, say, chickenpox.

The number of shots is also giving some parents pause. By the time most children are 6, they will have been stuck with a needle about two dozen times ? with many of those shots given in infancy. The cumulative effect of all those shots has not been studied enough, some parents say.

"Many of the vaccines are unnecessary and public health officials don't honestly know what the effect of giving so many vaccines to such small children really are," said Jennifer Margulis, a mother of four and parenting book author in Ashland, Ore.

But few serious problems have turned up over years of vaccinations and several studies have shown no link with autism, a theory from the 1990s that has been widely discredited.

To be sure, childhood vaccination rates remain high overall, at 90 percent or better for several vaccines, including those for polio, measles, hepatitis B and even chickenpox. In many states, exemptions are filed for fewer than 1 percent of children entering school for the first time.

Health officials have not identified an exemption threshold that would likely lead to outbreaks. But as they push for 100 percent immunization, they worry when some states have exemption rates climbing over 5 percent. The average state exemption rate has been estimated at less than half that.

Even more troubling are pockets in some states where exemption rates much higher. In some rural counties in northeast Washington, for example, rates in recent years have been above 20 percent and even as high as 50 percent.

"Vaccine refusers tend to cluster," said Saad Omer, an Emory University epidemiologist who has done extensive research on the issue.

While parents may think it does no harm to others if their kids skip some vaccines, they are in fact putting others at risk, health officials say. No vaccine is completely effective. If an outbreak begins in an unvaccinated group of children, a vaccinated child may still be at some risk of getting sick.

Studies have found communities with higher exemption rates sometimes are places where measles have suddenly re-emerged in outbreaks. Vaccinated kids are sometimes among the cases, or children too young to be vaccinated. Last year, California had more than 2,100 whooping cough cases, and 10 infants died. Only one had received a first dose of vaccine.

"Your child's risk of getting disease depends on what your neighbors do," said Omer.

And while it seems unlikely that diseases like polio and diphtheria could ever make a comeback to the U.S., immunization expert Dr. Lance Rodewald with the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says it could happen.

"Polio can come back. China was polio free for two decades, and just this year, they were infected from Pakistan, and there is a big outbreak of polio China now. The same could happen here," Rodewald said in an email.

He cited outbreaks of Hib, a disease that can lead to meningitis, among the Amish who don't consistently vaccinate their children. Russia had a huge diphtheria outbreak in the early to mid-1990s, he said, because vaccine coverage declined. "Measles is just visible, but it isn't the only concern," Rodewald said.

For its review, the AP asked state health departments for kindergarten exemption rates for 2006-07 and 2010-11. The AP also looked at data states had previously reported to the federal government. (Most states don't have data for the current 2011-12 school year.)

Alaska had the highest exemption rate in 2010-11, at nearly 9 percent. Colorado's rate was 7 percent, Minnesota 6.5 percent, Vermont and Washington 6 percent, and Oregon, Michigan and Illinois were close behind.

Mississippi was lowest, at essentially 0 percent.

The AP found that vaccine exemptions rose in more than half of states, and 10 had increases over the five years of about 1.5 percentage points or more, a range health officials say is troubling.

Those states, too, were in the West and Midwest ? Alaska, Kansas, Hawaii, Illinois, Michigan, Montana, Oregon, Vermont, Washington and Wisconsin. Arizona saw an increase that put that state in the same ballpark.

Exemption seekers are often middle-class, college-educated white people, but there are often a mix of views and philosophies. Exemption hot spots like Sedona, Ariz., and rural northeast Washington have concentrations of both alternative medicine-preferring as well as government-fearing libertarians.

Opposition to vaccines "is putting people together that normally would not be together," observed Elizabeth Jacobs, a University of Arizona epidemiologist looking at that state's rising exemption rates.

What many of exemption-seeking parents share, however, is a mental calculation that the dangers to their children of vaccine-preventable diseases are less important than the possible harms from vaccine. Or they just don't believe health officials, putting more stock in alternative sources ? often discovered through Internet searches.

"We are being told this by every government official, teacher, doctor that we need vaccines to keep us safe from these diseases. I simply don't believe that to be true. I believe all the diseases in question were up to 90 percent in decline before mass vaccines ever were given. I don't think vaccines are what saved the world from disease. I think effective sewer systems, nutrition, and handwashing (are the reasons)," said Sabrina Paulick, of Ashland, Ore. She's part-time as a caregiver for elderly people in their homes and a mother of a 4-year-old daughter.

Parents say they'd like to reserve the right to decide what vaccinations their children should get, and when. Health officials reply that vaccinations are recommended at an early age to protect children before they encounter a dangerous infection. "If you delay, you're putting a child at risk," said Gerri Yett, a nurse who manages Alaska's immunization program.

Analyzing vaccination exemptions is difficult. States collect data differently; some base their exemption rates on just a small sample of schools ? Alaska, for example ? while others rely on more comprehensive numbers. So the AP worked with researchers at CDC, which statistically adjusted some states' 2010-11 data for a better comparison.

It's also not clear when an exemption was invoked against all vaccines and when it was used to excuse just one or two shots. CDC officials think the second scenario is more common.

Also, states differ on some of the vaccines required and what's needed to get an exemption: Sometimes only a box on a form needs to be checked, while some states want letters or even signed statements from doctors.

Meanwhile, some parent groups and others have pushed legislators to make exemptions easier or do away with vaccination requirements altogether. The number of states allowing philosophical exemptions grew from 15 to 20 in the last decade.

Some in public health are exasperated by the trend.

"Every time we give them evidence (that vaccines are safe), they come back with a new hypothesis" for why vaccines could be dangerous, said Kacey Ernst, another University of Arizona researcher.

The exemption increases have come during a time when the government has been raising its estimates of how many children have autism and related disorders. Some experts suggest that parents have listened intently to that message, with some believing the growing roster of recommended shots must somehow be related.

"I don't understand how other people don't see that these two things are related," said Stacy Allan, a Summit, N.J., mother who filed religious exemptions and stopped vaccinating her three children.

Several parents said that while they believe many health officials mean well, their distrust of the vaccine-making pharmaceutical industry only continues to grow.

"I wouldn't be one to say I am absolutely certain these things are hurting our children," said Michele Pereira, an Ashland mother of two young girls. She is a registered nurse and married to an anesthesiologist. While her daughters have had some vaccinations, they have not had the full recommended schedule.

"I feel like there are enough questions out there that I don't want to take the chance," she said.

___

Associated Press writer Jeff Barnard in Grants Pass, Ore., contributed to this report.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/topstories/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111128/ap_on_he_me/us_med_skipping_school_shots

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